How To Make Voltage Multiplier

MULTIPLIERS

Voltage multipliers are AC-to-DC power conversion devices, comprised of diodes and capacitors, which produce a high potential DC voltage from a lower voltage AC source. Multipliers are    made up of multiple stages. Each stage is comprised of one diode and one capacitor.

How it works!

The most commonly used multiplier circuit is the half-wave series multiplier. All multiplier circuits can be derived from its basic operating principles. Thus, the half-wave series multiplier circuit is shown in fig 1 to exemplify general multiplier operation. The example shown in fig 1 assumes no losses and represents sequential reversals of transformer (T_s) polarity.

Figure1:

Common Multiplier Applications

Originally used for television CRT’s, voltage multipliers are now used for lasers, x-ray systems, traveling wave tubes (TWT’s) photomultiplier tubes, ion pumps, electrostatic systems, copy machines, and many other applications that utilize high voltage DC.

ASSEMBLY TYPE

Half-wave Series Multiplier 

Charactyeristics:

1)   Most common circuit

2)   Very versatile

3)   Uniform stress per stage on diodes & capacitors.

4)   Wide range of multiplication stages

5)   Low cost

The following schematic (Figure 3) shows some of the many variations which are available for a half-wave series multiplier configuration.

Figure 3:

Full wave Voltage Doubler

As the name indicates, input voltage gets doubled through this circuit. The operation is Full wave voltage doubler is very simple:

During the positive half cycle of Sinusoidal wave of AC, Diode D1 get forward biased and D2 get reversed biased, so capacitor C1 charges through the D1, to the peak value of sine wave (Vpeak). And during the negative half cycle of sine wave, D2 is forward biased and D1 revered biased, so capacitor C2 get charge through the D2, to Vpeak.

Now both the capacitors are charged to Vpeak so we get the 2 Vpeak (Vpeak + Vpeak), across the C1 and C2, with no Load connected. It has named after the Full wave rectifier.

 

The voltage multiplier is consisting of only diodes and capacitors.

If the input voltage is U, you will get at the output of the multiplier 2U or twice the original input voltage. The capacitors must be placed with the Positive terminal to the right and Negative terminal to the left; you can also use non-polarity capacitors. The advantage of this is that you can simply take another stage of two capacitors and two diodes and connect it to the first stage, but actually you can add many stages as you want to get more voltage ten times.

See image:

In reality the voltage has voltage loss that is given by this formula. 

F is the frequency of the input voltage, C is the capacitor of the capacitors and N is the number of the stages, if you want to reduce the voltage loss, you have to increase the frequency, reduce larger capacitors or volt. It is very important that every capacitor and diodes should able to withstand at least twice the input voltage.

 click the pic below for more info:

complete full-wave

The voltage multiplier circuit consists of sixteen non-polarize high voltage capacitor with 680 nF of capacitance couple with 16 of 1N4007 diodes to form eight stages or make it ten stages.

Here we have a ten stage multiplier and therefore we should get a voltage of 20V

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